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Natural Gas Geoscience ›› 2020, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (8): 1052-1068.doi: 10.11764/j.issn.1672-1926.2020.04.031

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Analysis of sedimentary-tectonic evolution characteristics and shale gas enrichment in Yichang area, Middle Yangtze

Sheng-yuan LUO1(),Xiao-hong CHEN1,Yong YUE1,Pei-jun LI1,Quan-sheng CAI1,Rui-zhi YANG2   

  1. 1.Wuhan Center of China Geological Survey, Wuhan 430205, China
    2.Wuhan Zondy Cyber?Tech co. , Ltd. , Wuhan 430074. China
  • Received:2020-03-17 Revised:2020-04-20 Online:2020-08-10 Published:2020-07-29

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Abstract:

The Yichang slope, located in western Hubei Province, is a new area for shale gas exploration of the Cambrian strata outside the Sichuan Basin. Few studies have focused on the shale gas enrichment characteristics of the Yichang slope, which developed on the ancient Huangling anticline. Based on the analysis of sedimentary, structural and the latest seismic and drilling data, as well as laboratory test, the sedimentary, tectonic and hydrocarbon accumulation characteristics are analyzed. Compared to other region of the Middle Yangtze, it is conformed that the study area has experienced three important key tectonic stages, namely the embryonic uplift in the Indosinian Period, the rapid uplift and denudation in the Yanshan Period, and the filling and reconstruction in the Himalayan Period, respectively. The relatively stable tectonic conditions in Yichang area have important influences on shale gas accumulation: (1) At the end of the Tongwan tectonic movement, the paleogeographic pattern of early Cambrian had a direct influence on the distribution of organic shale in Yichang area, and played an important role in controlling the formation and distribution of shale gas. A positive correlation between gas content and TOC content indicate that the abundance of organic matter is the key factor influencing shale gas enrichment. (2) The Huangling anticline, which began to rise in the Indosinian tectonic movement and rose rapidly in the Yanshan movement, controlled the structural subsidence of the Yichang area. The Lower Paleozoic shale strata is characterized by suitable burial depth, earlier tectonic uplifting than the west Hubei area. This relatively lower thermal maturity of the organic matters in the Sinian-Early Paleozoic shale is particularly special among the high maturity background in the south China. Organic nanopores formed an important shale gas storage space. (3) This ancient anticline played an important role in protecting the Yichang slope from suffering structural alteration and destruction during the multi-stage strong tectonic activities of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic in the South China. Tectonic activities are characterized by structural uplift with limited fracture activity and weaker tectonic deformation. Although significant uplift and erosion of overburden rocks occurred in the Late Indosinian orogeny, the Yichang area was not significantly influenced during the tectonic movement comparing to the surrounding area. The Shuijingtuo shale in Yichang area is characterized by suitable structure preservation and low permeability. Shale gas is preserved effectively in this monoclinal structure and becomes the main exploration target in this area. (4) Bedding slip joint related to stratum slip shear joint during thrusting was an important reservoir space for shale gas. Shale gas exploration of the Yichang area confirmed that the paleo-uplift, the periphery of the paleo-tectonic slope, and the fault footwall of the thrust nappe structure are favorable exploration areas for shale gas.

Key words: Shale gas, Uplift, Hydrocarbon accumulation, The Lower Cambrian Shuijingtuo Formation, Yichang slope, Western HubeiFoundation items:The National Science and Technology Major Project (Grant No. 2016ZX05034001-002), The Geological Survey Project of China Geological Survey (Grant No. D20179615).

CLC Number: 

  • TE122.2

Table 1

Natural gas and shale gas showing in the Yichang area"

层位井号类型含气显示描述
陡山沱组 （Z1d）阳页1页岩气现场解析气总含量为0.12~4.8 m3/t，页岩厚141 m，直井压裂产量为5 460 m3/d
宜参1页岩气气测全烃最高达46.62%，未经人工改造情况下获得页岩气流，点火成功
宜页1页岩气厚120 m，现场解析总含气量为0.40~2.0 m3/t，平均为1.08 m3/t，解析气点火可燃
秭地1页岩气现场解析总含气量为0.473~1.496 m3/t，甲烷含量为70.26%~94.03%
秭地2页岩气现场解析测试解吸气最高达0.92 m3/t，总含气量最高为1.67 m3/t

灯影组

（Z2dy）

阳页1常规气气测全烃最高1.89%，全烃异常值大于1%的地层累计厚40.5 m
宜地4沥青灯一段内部及灯四段顶部均见沥青
宜地3常规气石板滩段泥晶灰岩含气，现场解析总含气量为1.34~2.43 m3/t
宜页1常规气石板滩段纹层状灰岩见气，气测全烃0.477%~1.741%，46 m厚全烃均大于1%
宜参3常规气石板滩段纹层状灰岩见气，3层累计22 m全烃均大于1%，气测全烃0.477%~1.741%，试气获未平衡产能1 363~1 504 m3/d
宜3常规气江汉盆地西缘，灯影组中部求产水产量为475 m3/d，气产量为8.149 m3/d

水井沱组

（∈1s）

阳页1页岩气现场解析总含气量为0.32~4.48 m3/t，平均2.3 m3/t；其水力压裂井阳页1HF（水平段1 836 m，33段）页岩气产量为7.83×104 m3/d
宜地2页岩气现场解析总含气量为0.17~5.58 m3/t，平均为2.24 m3/t，总含气量大于2 m3/t厚46 m
宜地4页岩气气测异常，全烃最高达11%；现场解析总含气量为0.5~3.13 m3/t，平均为1.54 m3/t
宜页1页岩气气测异常，全烃由0.123%上升到18.965%，甲烷由0.11%上升到14.14%；现场解析总含气量为0.58~5.48 m3/t，平均为2.05 m3/t，含气量大于2 m3/t的有35 m，其水力压裂井宜页1HF井（水平段1 816 m）页岩气产量为6.02×104 m3/d
秭地1页岩气现场解析总含气量为0.234~1.047 m3/t，甲烷含量为15.8%~92.57%
秭地2页岩气气测录井全烃0.57%~14.5%；现场解析总含气量为0.23~4.45 m3/t，平均为2.15 m3/t；最优质30 m层段平均含气量为2.88 m3/t

天河板组— 石龙洞组

（∈2t—∈2sl）

阳页1常规气天河板钻遇裂缝性天然气，全烃最高66.89%
宜地2常规气灰岩段气测异常并发生井喷；全烃含量最高达9%，气液分离点火火焰高达2~3 m
宜地4沥青粗晶白云岩孔缝见沥青充填

五峰组—

龙马溪组

（O3w—S1l）

宜页3页岩气页岩厚38 m，现场解析气总含量最大为1.78 m3/t
荆101页岩气现场解析总含气量为1.7~7.2 m3/t，平均为4.3 m3/t
荆102页岩气现场解析总含气量为1.4~6.0 m3/t，平均为3.7 m3/t
宜地1页岩气页岩厚33 m，解析气含气量为1.69~3.67 m3/t，解析气中甲烷占70.58%~93.43%
宜探1页岩气现场解析总含气量为1.24~4.3 m3/t，平均为2.75 m3/t，水平井产气量约为（4~5）×104 m3/d
宜页2页岩气页岩厚28 m，现场解析气总含量为0.62~3.29 m3/t，平均为1.63 m3/t，其水力压裂井宜页2HF井（水平段506.31 m）页岩气产量为3.15×104 m3/d
宜志页1页岩气页岩地质特征与宜页2井类似，志页1HF井水平段长2 000多m，分24段进行大型水力压裂，试气获工业气流

Fig.1

Geological background map of the study area"

Fig.2

Tectonic and sedimentary evolution of the Yichang area"

Fig.3

Stratigraphy comparison of Silurian-Triassic in Yichang slope（see Fig.1 for corresponding well location）"

Fig.4

Sedimentary characteristics of the Early Cambrian in Yichang area"

Table 2

Comparison of sedimentary thickness between typical wells, shale geochemical characteristics and gas content in Yichang area"

井号

古地理

位置

灯影组厚度 /m水井沱组厚度 /m连续页岩厚度 /m

TOC>2%

页岩厚度/ m

页岩TOC/ %页岩RO/ %现场解析含气量 /（m3/t）
宜探2台地523.055.038.0----
宜页3台内洼陷-84.048.015(0.18~4.77)/1.34-(0.20~0.94)/0.33
宜参1台缘隆起617.09.03.0-< 0.5--
宜地3台缘隆起624.48.64.05-< 0.5--
宜参3台缘隆起662.85.22.65-< 0.5--
宜地5台缘隆起615.318.013.99-< 0.5--
宜参2台缘斜坡42962.231.9813.7(0.1~7.91)/1.91--
秭地2台缘斜坡420.879.663.322.66(0.25~5.02)/2.34(1.97~2.59)/2.33(0.23~4.45)/2.15
宜地2台缘斜坡-101.672.3228.0(0.52~5.96)/2.26(2.26~2.37)/2.35(0.17~5.58)/2.24
宜页1台缘斜坡235.0136.186.036.7(0.43~10.45)/2.7(2.18~2.30)/2.26(0.58~5.48)/2.05
秭地1陆棚247.72>290104.8144.1(0.53~8.72)/2.14(1.43~1.79)/1.61(0.23~1.05)/0.59
阳页1陆棚176.5469.5141.041(1.0~5.5)/2.2(2.5~3.7)/2.7(0.32~4.48)/2.30

Fig.5

Relationship between gas content and TOC in Shuijingtuo shale in Yichang area(data of Well Yangye 1 from Ref.[11])"

Fig 6

Thermal maturity reflected by equal vitrinite values of the Shuijingtuo shale in Yichang area[35] (a) and nanopores associated with organic matter in typical well (b)"

Fig.7

Seismic profile in the Yichang and around areas"

Fig.8

Crack development pattern in Yichang slope area①宜地2井天河板组裂缝性气藏发生井喷；②阳页1井中、上寒武统地层重复；③灯影组—石龙洞组多次发生井漏和放空现象"

Fig.9

The fracture distribution in typical wells"

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