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Natural Gas Geoscience ›› 2020, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (3): 325-334.doi: 10.11764/j.issn.1672-1926.2019.11.009

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Advantages of thermal stimulation to induce shale cracking after hydraulic fracturing over organic-rich shale reservoirs

Li-jun YOU(),Xin-lei LI,Yi-li KANG,Ming-jun CHEN,Jiang LIU   

  1. State Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation//Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
  • Received:2019-08-03 Revised:2019-11-08 Online:2020-03-10 Published:2020-03-26
  • Supported by:
    The National Natural Science Foundation of China(51674209);The Innovative Research Project for Sichuan Youth Scientific and Technological Innovation(2016TD0016);The Major Cultivation Project of Sichuan Scientific and Technological Achievements Transformation, China(17CZ0040);The China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2017M623062)

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Abstract:

The economic development of shale gas reservoirs has become the focus of current unconventional gas development. The development method of shale gas reservoirs is based on "horizontal well and hydraulic fracturing" as the core technology. In the process of hydraulic fracturing, a great amount of fracturing fluids retain in the reservoirs, which are difficult to flowback, forming water phase trap damage and hindering gas production. In addition, large-scale complex fracture networks formed by hydraulic fracturing can communicate micron-scale cracks, but it is still difficult for gas in the nano-scale pores of the matrix to enter the crack. This paper proposes a method for thermal stimulation to cause shale cracking coordinated with hydraulic fracturing technology over organic-rich shale gas reservoirs. The research progress of formation heat treatment is summarized from the aspects of laboratory experiments and field tests. In terms of the geological characteristics and engineering technologies, the advantages of this method over organic-rich shale gas reservoirs are also analyzed. It is considered that the role of hydrocarbon-generating overpressure, different thermal expansion coefficients of minerals as well as pressure compartments formed by micro-nanoscale pores provides the favorable factors. Based on the fracture network formed by application of the stimulated reservoir volume, the retaining fracturing fluids can enhance the heat transfer area of shale. Aquathermal pressuring and hydrothermal fluids at certain temperature can also contribute to thermal fracturing. By making full use of the unique geological superiorities and favorable engineering conditions of organic-shale gas reservoirs, this method will effectively transform the shale gas reservoirs after hydraulic fracturing, which can obviously alleviate or even eliminate water trapping damage, promote thermal cracking of matrix rocks on both sides of hydraulic fractures or natural fractures and finally improve the multiscale gas transport ability from matrix-natural fracture-artificial fracture network of shale. Meanwhile, with increasing temperature, the recovery and utilization of flowback fluids can be realized and it will be an environment-friendly new method for the effective development of shale gas reservoirs.

Key words: Shale, Gas reservoir, Hydraulic fracturing, Thermal stimulation, Formation damage

CLC Number: 

  • TE357

Table 2

Characteristics of downhole heating technologies"

传热方式 技术种类 作用温度 作用范围 技术特点 经济性
热对流[33,34] 蒸汽吞吐 200~400 ℃ 水平段长度约为300 m

向井口注入的高温

高压蒸汽

 成本低
蒸汽辅助重力驱（SAGD）
热传导或热辐射 电加热加热[24,25] 约400 ℃ 20 m 需要供输大量的电力，加热温度与速率可控 成本高
微波加热[35] 400~900 ℃

近井带1~2 m
燃烧加热法[27]（UCG） 储层温度~1 400 ℃ 作用于储层大部分位置 不断供入空气，点燃储层甲烷加热温度与速率不易控 成本低

Fig.1

Variations of density-Pvelocity versus temperature (revised after Ref.[29])"

Fig.2

Variations of tensile strength versus temperature (revised after Ref.[30])"

Fig.3

Characteristics of physical properties of organic-rich shale before and after high temperature heat treatment[34] "

Fig.4

The apparent characteristics of the organic-rich shale before and after heat treatment 500 °C[35] "

Fig.5

Thermal stimulation to activate gas desorption"

Fig.6

Development of pores and fractures in shale induced by them alcracking"

Fig.7

Thermal cracking modeling of shale with layer well developped"

Fig.8

Thermal stimulation coordinating hydraulic fracturing to enlarge the transformation scale of shale reservoir"

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[1] . STUDIES ON THE OIL ＆ GAS RESERVOIR FORMATION CONDITIONS AND EXPLORATION BEARI NG IN DABAN TOWN SUB-DEPRESSION OF CHAIWOPU DEPRESSION[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2005, 16(1): 20 -24 .
[2] ZHENG Jianjing, JI Liming, MENG Qianxi-ang . DISCUSSION OF GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTIES OF GASES IN THE JUNGGAR BASIN[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2000, 11(4-5): 17 -21 .
[3] . THE STUDY OF THE OIL-PRONE & GAS-PRONE FOR JURASSIC COALS[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2006, 17(2): 183 -186 .
[4] LI Guang-zhi~(1,2), YUAN Zi-yan~2,HU Bin~(1,2),DENG Tian-long~1.
IDENTIFY THE ATTRIBUTE OF THE CONDENSABLE GAS OR OIL BEDS BY USING THE ANALYSIS TECHNOLOGY OF HEADSPACE GAS
[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2006, 17(3): 309 -312 .
[5] NI Jin-long,Lü Bao-feng,XIA Bin. FAULT SYSTEM OF GENTLE SLOPE BELT AND ITS AFFECT ON THE FORM OF OIL-GAS RESERVOIRS OF KONGDANG SET IN BAMIANHE RAMP OF DONGYING DEPRESSION, EASTERN CHINA[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2006, 17(3): 370 -373 .
[6] ZHAO Meng-jun,SONG Yan,LIU Shao-bo,QIN Sheng-fei,HONG Feng,FU Guo-you, DA Jiang. THE PRIMARY STUDY ON THE FORMATION OF OIL AND GAS FIELDS IN THE FORELAND BASINS IN CENTRAL AND WESTERN CHINA[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2006, 17(4): 445 -451 .
[7] LIU Hong-jun,JIA Ya-ni,LI Zheng-hong,ZHENG Cong-bin. EXISTENCE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF MICROUMBONES IN KARST BASIN: SAMPLE FROM ORDOVICIAN KARSTIC PALEOGEOMORPHY IN ORDOS BASIN[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2006, 17(4): 490 -493 .
[8] WANG Xiao-mei,ZHANG Qun, ZHANG Pei-he, ZHAO Jun-feng,CHEN Hong-chun. APLICATION OF COALBED METHANE RESERVOIR SIMULATION[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2004, 15(6): 664 -668 .
[9] . OIL MIGRATION DIRECTION OF DALUHU OILFIELD IN DONGYIN DEPRESSION[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2004, 15(6): 650 -651 .
[10] . STUDY ON STATISTICAL MODEL OF PREDICTING FORMATION FRACTURE PRESSURE USING LOGGING DATA[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2004, 15(6): 633 -636 .