天然气地球科学

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塔里木盆地克拉苏构造带西段构造成因及油气远景展望——以阿瓦特地区为例

韩耀祖1,谷永兴1,刘军1,商国玺1,王本强2,吕瑞3   

  1. 1.中国石油东方地球物理公司研究院,新疆  库尔勒 841000;
    2.塔里木油田公司勘探开发研究院,新疆 库尔勒 841000;
    3.塔里木油田公司塔北勘探开发项目经理部,新疆  库尔勒 841000
  • 收稿日期:2016-05-04 修回日期:2016-07-29 出版日期:2016-12-10 发布日期:2016-12-10
  • 作者简介:韩耀祖(1987-),男,河南洛阳人,工程师,硕士,主要从事复杂山地地震解释及含油气盆地分析. E-mail:hyz_geology@163.com.
  • 基金资助:
    国家科技重大专项(编号:2011ZX05019-005);中国石油天然气集团公司重大科技专项(编号:2014E-2101JT)联合资助.

Tectonic origin and the prospect of oil gas in west Kelasu structural belt:A case study of Awat segment

Han Yao-zu1,Gu Yong-xing1,Liu Jun1,Shang Guo-xi1,Wang Ben-qiang2,Lü Rui3   

  1. 1.Korla Institute of Bureau of Geophysical Prospecting INC,CNPC,Korla 841000,China;
    2.Exploration and Development Research Institute of Tarim Oilfield Company,CNPC,Korla 841000,China;
    3.Tabei Exploration and Development Project,Tarim Oilfield Company,CNPC,Korla 841000,China
  • Received:2016-05-04 Revised:2016-07-29 Online:2016-12-10 Published:2016-12-10

摘要: 基于高分辨率的三维地震数据体,结合数字高程模型、野外地质露头信息、钻井数据和前人研究成果,选取若干阿瓦特地区的典型剖面进行精细构造解析,参照邻区地震剖面,梳理出研究区的区带结构特征。分析认为,阿瓦特地区长距离逆掩推覆构造的成因,主要有以下3点:①动力来源:受印藏碰撞远程效应的影响,中生代以来的造山运动,使该地受到强烈挤压,发育大规模的冲断褶皱变形,在阿瓦特段构造缩短率达到52%,为阿瓦特地区长距离逆掩推覆构造的形成提供了动力来源。②变形空间:阿瓦3井的钻探结果表明,阿瓦特地区的古近系膏盐层厚度达到1 855m,临近的博孜井区同期沉积的膏盐层平均厚度仅为236m,研究认为阿瓦特地区为古盐湖的一个沉积中心,岩性以石膏、膏质盐岩、盐岩和盐质泥岩为主,膏盐纯度高,可塑性与流变能力强,为阿瓦特地区长距离逆掩推覆构造的形成提供了充足的变形空间。③逆掩条件:阿瓦特地处侏罗系煤系地层的沉积边缘,煤层较薄,内摩擦系数较大,滑脱效率底下,在向南持续楔入的过程中,上、下滑脱层的内摩擦力差导致早期叠瓦状冲断构造向前发育受阻,5号断裂以古近系膏盐为支撑向上突破,断距自东向西逐渐加大,最终,在阿瓦3井区附近以长距离的垂向叠置构造变形,部分取代了向前陆方向传递的叠瓦状构造变形。巨厚的膏盐层为阿瓦特地区的油气成藏提供了优异的垂向和侧向封盖性能。

关键词: 克拉苏构造带, 构造缩短量, 膏盐层, 滑脱作用, 逆掩构造

Abstract: Based on the high resolution 3D seismic data,combined with digital elevation model (DEM),field outcrop information,drilling data and the results of previous studies,we investigated the structure characteristics of west Kelasu.And also,we presented several elaborative interpretation with the representative seismic profiles.All of the research proves that the long distances overthrust structure model derives from three important reasons.The first is dynamics.With the long-distance effect of India-Tibet collision,the orogenic movement from Mesozoic developed large scale broken in west Kelasu tectonic zone,especially in Awate segment,the total thrusting displacement ratio reached 52%.Such a situation gives it enough energy source.The second is space.The exploration of Well A certificates that the Plaeogene’s plastic layer in Awate gets about 1 855m thickness,and the Bozi wells’ area nearby gets only 236m in average.Further research proves that Awate located near the center of an ancient saline lake,and the major lithology includes gypsum,salt,saliferous shale and gypsum-salt,all of which are characterized by high purity,plasticity and mobility.The third is overthrust condition.Awate was located near the edge of coal stratum in Jurassic,so the coal layer was thinner than everywhere else nearby.As we know,the coal’s internal friction coefficient is larger than the salt’s,but the decollement efficiency is just opposite.So when the early imbricate wedges move to the south consequently,No.5 Fault bulges above the Plaeogene’s salt layer.With the continuous thrusting power,the long distance overthrust structure appears near Well A,somehow instead of the early imbricate wedges south forward in the end.The thick plastic gypsum-salt layer has good vertical and lateral sealing performance,which provides excellent condition for hydrocarbon accumulation in Awate.

Key words: Kelasu structural belt, Tectonic contraction, Gypsum-Salt, Detachment, Overthrust

中图分类号: 

  • TE121.1

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