天然气地球科学

• 天然气开发 • 上一篇    下一篇

页岩气藏水相损害评价与尺度性

游利军1,王飞1,康毅力1,方朝合2,陈强1   

  1. 1.西南石油大学油气藏地质及开发工程国家重点实验室,四川 成都 610500;
    2.中国石油勘探开发研究院廊坊分院,河北 廊坊065007
  • 收稿日期:2016-07-25 修回日期:2016-08-21 出版日期:2016-11-10 发布日期:2016-11-10
  • 作者简介:游利军(1976-),男,河南新安人,教授,博士,主要从事储层保护、非常规油气、岩石物理研究和教学工作. E-mail:youlj0379@126.com.
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(编号:51674209);国家科技重大专项(编号:2011ZX05018-005);中国石油项目(编号:2014F-4701-05)联合资助.

Evaluation and scale effect of aqeous phase damage in shale gas reservoir

You Li-jun1,Wang Fei1,Kang Yi-li1,Fang Chao-he2,Chen Qiang1   

  1. 1.State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation,Chengdu 610500,China;
    2.Langfang Branch of Petroleum Exploration & Development Research Institute,PetroChina,Langfang 065007,China
  • Received:2016-07-25 Revised:2016-08-21 Online:2016-11-10 Published:2016-11-10

摘要: 页岩气藏基质储渗空间为纳米尺度,超低含水饱和度,高黏土矿物含量,发育微裂缝,需经压裂改造投产,气体产出是一个多尺度、多种传质过程,但压裂液易产生滞留,影响气体产出。页岩渗透率为纳达西级,难以利用测量损害前后渗透率的传统方法评价页岩气层损害。采用四川露头页岩岩样和4种滑溜水压裂液体系,利用压力衰减法,结合水相渗吸实验和气驱水返排实验,评价了压裂液滤液对岩心尺度的损害程度,分析了页岩气藏工作液损害评价的指标,认为传统渗透能力恢复率或渗透率恢复率不能作为页岩气层损害评价的唯一指标。基于评价结果,结合目前部分压裂液返排率低的气井产量反而比较高的非常规现象分析,指出页岩压裂液诱发水相圈闭损害是一个动态过程,具有尺度性,在评价过程还要考虑滞留压裂液对气体传递的积极作用,压裂液作用及返排制度是未来5~10年值得研究的重点问题。

关键词: 页岩气, 压裂液, 储层损害, 气藏, 尺度效应

Abstract: Shale gas reservoir is characterized by nanometer-scaled pore-throats,ultra-low water saturation,high content of clay and some micro fractures.The key technology of shale gas development is hydraulic fracturing.The fracturing fluid remained in factures invades into shale matrix and causes aqueous phase trapping and water sensitivity damage which decrease gas relative permeability sharply.Shale reservoirs have a nano-Darcy permeability;therefore,it is difficult to evaluate formation damage by traditional methods which measure permeability before and after the interaction of fluids and core plugs.The paper conducted experiments of pressure depletion,spontaneous filtration imbibition and nitrogen displacement using shale outcrop samples from Sichuan and four types of fracturing fluid to evaluate the damage of fracturing fluid.The evaluation indexes of shale gas reservoir damage are analyzed,and it is considered that the traditional permeability recovery rate or permeability recovery rate cannot be the only index for evaluating the damage of shale gas reservoirs.Based on the evaluation results,the abnormal phenomenon of low displacement rate corresponding relatively high gas output is analyzed.And some conclusions are gained: aqueous phase trapping caused by fracturing fluid is a dynamic process;the positive effects for gas flow must be considered in the evaluation of aqueous phase trapping;flowback of fracturing fluid in shale gas is the key point in the future 5 to 10 years.

Key words: Shale gas, Fracturing fluid, Formation damage, Gas reservoir, Scale effect

中图分类号: 

  • TE34

[1]Hu Wenrui,Bao Jingwei,Hu Bin.Trend and progress in global oil and gas exploration[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2013,40(4):409-413.[胡文瑞,鲍敬伟,胡滨.全球油气勘探进展与趋势[J].石油勘探与开发,2013,40(4):409-413.]
[2]Jia Chengzao,Zheng Min,Zhang Yongfeng.Unconventional hydrocarbon resources in China and the prospect of exploration and development[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(2):129-136.[贾承造,郑民,张永峰.中国非常规油气资源与勘探开发前景[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(2):129-136.]
[3]Warpinski N R.Hydraulic fracture height In gas shale reservoirs[C]//Society of Exploration Geophysicists.
2011 SEG Annual Meeting,18-23 September,San Antonio,Texas,2011.
[4]King G E.Thirty years of gas shale fracturing:What have we learned?[J].Journal of Petroleum Technology,2010,62(11):88-90.
[5]Zhao Jinzhou,Wang Song,Li Yongming.Difficulties and key techniques in the fracturing treatment of shale gas reservoirs[J].Natural Gas Industry,2012,32(4):46-49.[赵金洲,王松,李勇明.页岩气藏压裂改造难点与技术关键[J].天然气工业,2012,32(4):46-49.]
[6]Magill D,Squires S T,Johnson R L,et al.Fracturing fluid testing for design purposes and regulatory oversight in a shale gas project[C]//SPE 167107,SPE Unconventional Resources Conference and Exhibition-Asia Pacific,Brisbane,Australia,11-13 November,2013.
[7]Bahrami H,Rezaee M R,Nazhat D H,et al.Effect of water blocking damage on flow efficiency and productivity in tight gas reservoirs[C]//SPE Production and Operations Symposium,27-29 March,Oklahoma City,Oklahoma,USA.Society of Petroleum Engineers,27-29 March,2011.
[8]Wang Yuman,Dong Dazhong,Li Jianzhong,et al.Reservoir characteristics of shale gas in Longmaxi Formation of the Lower Silurian,southern Sichuan[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(4):551-561.[王玉满,董大忠,李建忠,等.川南下志留统龙马溪组岩气储层特征[J].石油学报,2012,33(4):551-561.]
[9]Liang Chao,Jiang Zaixing,Yang Yiting,et al.Characteristics of shale lithofacies and reservoir space of the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation,Sichuan Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(6):691-698.[梁超,姜在兴,杨镱婷,等.四川盆地五峰组—龙马溪组页岩岩相及储集空间特征[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(6):691-698.]
[10]Lan Q,Dehghanpour H,Wood J,et al.Wettability of the Montney tight gas formation[J].SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering,2015,18(3):417-431.
[11]Zhou Z,Abass H,Li X,et al.Mechanisms of imbibition during hydraulic fracturing in shale formations[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2016,141:125-132.
[12]Fang Chaohe,Huang Zhilong,Wang Qiaozhi,et al.Cause and significance of the ultra-low water saturation in gas-enriched shale reservoir[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2014,25(3):471-476.[方朝合,黄志龙,王巧智,等.富含气页岩储层超低含水饱和度成因及意义[J].天然气地球科学,2014,25(3):471-476.]
[13]Zhao Pei,Li Xianqing,Tian Xingwang,et al.Study on micropore structure characterisitics of Longmaxi Formation shale gas reservoir in the southern Sichuan Basin[J].Nature Gas Geoscience,2014,25(6):947-956.[赵佩,李贤庆,田兴旺,等.川南地区龙马溪组页岩气储层微孔隙结构特征[J].天然气地球科学,2014,25(6):947-956.]
[14]You Lijun,Kang Yili.Aqueous capillary imbibition behavior management in fractured tight gas reservoirs[J].Advances in Earth Science,2013,28(1):79-85.[游利军,康毅力.裂缝性致密砂岩气藏水相毛管自吸调控[J],地球科学进展,2013,28(1):79-85.]
[15]Mirzaei-Paiaman A,Dalvand K,Oraki Kohshour I,et al.A study on the key influential factors of a gas reservoir’s potential for aqueous phase trapping[J].Energy Sources,Part A:Recovery,Utilization and Environmental Effects,2012,34(16):1541-1549.
[16]Dutta R,Lee C,Odumabo S,et al.Experimental investigation of fracturing-fluid migration caused by spontaneous imbibition in fractured low-permeability sands[J].SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering,2014,17(1):74-81.
[17]Li J,Guo B,Gao D,et al.The effect of fracture-face matrix damage on productivity of fractures with infinite and finite conductivities in shale-gas reservoirs[J].SPE Drilling & Completion,2012,27(3):348-354.
[18]You Lijun,Kang Yili.Integrated Evaluation of Water Phase Trapping Damage Potential in Tight Gas Reservoir[C].SPE 122034,SPE European Formation Damage Conference held in Scheveningen,The Netherlands,27-29 May,2009.
[19]Chen Kegui,Wen Yina,He Taihong,et al.Irreducible water saturation models of tight sandstone gas reservoirs with low porosity and permeability and its application-taking a block of Shanxi formation tight sandstone reservoir in Sulige Gasfield as an example[J].Nature Gas Geoscience,2014,25(2):273-277.[陈科贵,温易娜,何太洪,等.低孔低渗致密砂岩气藏束缚水饱和度模型建立及应用——以苏里格气田某区块山西组致密砂岩储层为例[J].天然气地球科学,2014,25(2):273-277.]
[20]Zeng Wei,Chen Shu,Xiang Haiyang.Water block damage of abnormal low-water saturation reservoirs[J].Natural Gas Industry,2010,30(7):42-44.[曾伟,陈舒,向海洋.异常低含水饱和度储层的水锁损害[J].天然气工业,2010,30(7):42-44.]
[21]You Lijun,Shi Yujiang,Zhang Haitao,et al.Spontaneous removal behavior of water phase trapping damage in tight sandstone gas reservoir[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2013,24(6):1214-1219.[游利军,石玉江,张海涛,等.致密砂岩气藏水相圈闭损害自然解除行为研究[J].天然气地球科学,2013,24(6):1214-1219.]
[22]Vidic R,Brantley S,Vandenbossche J,et al.Impact of shale gas development on regional water quality[J].Science,2013,340(6134):1235009.
[23]You Lijun,Kang Yili,Chen Zhangxin,et al.Wellbore instability in shale gas wells drilled by oil-based fluids[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics & Mining Sciences,2014,72:294-299.
[24]Zhang Shicheng,Guo Tiankui,Zhou Tong,et al.Fracture propagation mechanism experiment of hydraulic fracturing in natural shale[J].Acta Petrol Sinica,2014,35(3):496-503.[张士诚,郭天魁,周彤,等.天然页岩压裂裂缝扩展机理试验[J].石油学报,2014,35(3):496-503.]
[25]Guo Xiaozhe,Zhou Changsha.The trilinear seepage model for fractured horizontal well in shale gas reservoir[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University:Science & Technology Edition,2016,38(2):86-94.[郭小哲,周长沙.页岩气储层压裂水平井三线性渗流模型研究[J].西南石油大学学报:自然科学版,2016,38(2):86-94.]
[26]Ghanbari E,Dehghanpour H.Impact of rock fabric on water imbibition and salt diffusion in gas shales[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2015,138(15):55-67.

[1] 王科, 李海涛, 李留杰, 张庆, 补成中, 王志强. 3种常用页岩气井经验递减方法——以四川盆地威远区块为例[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2019, 30(7): 946-954.
[2] 赵正望, 唐大海, 王小娟, 陈双玲. 致密砂岩气藏天然气富集高产主控因素探讨——以四川盆地须家河组为例[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2019, 30(7): 963-972.
[3] 苟启洋, 徐尚, 郝芳, 舒志国, 杨峰, 陆扬博, 张爱华, 王雨轩, 程璇, 青加伟, 高梦天. 基于灰色关联的页岩储层含气性综合评价因子及应用——以四川盆地焦石坝区块为例[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2019, 30(7): 1045-1052.
[4] 李勇, 陈世加, 路俊刚, 肖正录, 何清波, 苏恺明, 李俊良. 近源间互式煤系致密砂岩气成藏主控因素——以川中地区须家河组天然气为例[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2019, 30(6): 798-808.
[5] 吴伟涛, 王一, 赵靖舟, 杨特波, 李军, 黄正良. 鄂尔多斯盆地中部奥陶系马家沟组中组合天然气成藏规律[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2019, 30(6): 828-839.
[6] 位云生, 贾爱林, 郭智, 孟德伟, 王国亭. 致密砂岩气藏多段压裂水平井优化部署[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2019, 30(6): 919-924.
[7] 崔春兰, 董振国, 吴德山. 湖南保靖区块龙马溪组岩石力学特征及可压性评价[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2019, 30(5): 626-634.
[8] 王秀平, 牟传龙, 肖朝晖 , 郑斌嵩 , 陈尧 , 王启宇. 鄂西南地区五峰组—龙马溪组连续沉积特征[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2019, 30(5): 635-651.
[9] 佘源琦, 高阳, 杨桂茹, 李剑, 李君, 李明鹏. 新时期我国天然气勘探形势及战略思考[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2019, 30(5): 751-760.
[10] 黄小青, 王建君, 杜悦, 李林, 张卓. 昭通国家级页岩气示范区YS108区块小井距错层开发模式探讨[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2019, 30(4): 557-565.
[11] 潘建国, 黄林军, 王国栋, 郭娟娟, 马永平, 罗昭洋. 源外远源油气藏的内涵和特征——以准噶尔盆地盆1井西富烃凹陷为例[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2019, 30(3): 312-321.
[12] 高阳, 王志章, 易士威, 佘源琦, 林世国, 李明鹏, 张春林, . 鄂尔多斯盆地天环地区盒8段致密砂岩岩石矿物特征及其对储层质量的影响[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2019, 30(3): 344-352.
[13] 姜瑞忠, 张福蕾, 郜益华, 崔永正, 沈泽阳, 原建伟. 三重介质压裂气藏椭圆流非稳态产能模型[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2019, 30(3): 370-378.
[14] 罗红文, 李海涛, 刘会斌, 孙涛, 卢宇, 李颖. 低渗气藏两相渗流压裂水平井温度剖面预测[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2019, 30(3): 389-399.
[15] 陈建勋, 杨胜来, 邹成, 梅青燕, 周源, 孙丽婷. 川中须家河组低渗有水气藏渗流特征及其影响因素[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2019, 30(3): 400-406.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited

  Shared   
  Discussed   
[1] 朱俊章;施和生;舒誉;杜家元;罗俊莲;. 珠江口盆地珠-坳陷典型烃源岩热压模拟实验――生排烃模式及TOC恢复系数探讨[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2006, 17(4): 573 -578 .
[2] 傅雪海;秦勇;杨永国;彭金宁;韩训晓;. 甲烷在煤层水中溶解度的实验研究[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2004, 15(4): 345 -348 .
[3] 郑军卫. 1991~2000年世界天然气生产一览表(108m3)[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2002, 13(3-4): 73 -81 .
[4] 胡 斌,李广之,吴向华,邓天龙 . 岩屑荧光录井技术及荧光指标量化方法[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2007, 18(1): 121 -124 .
[5] 白国平,郑 磊. 世界大气田分布特征[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2007, 18(2): 161 -167 .
[6] 高岗. 油气生成模拟方法及其石油地质意义[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2000, 11(2): 25 -29 .
[7] 张家良;王宗贤;易继贵;杨树合;马乔;. 凝析气藏流体样品恢复方法及应用[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2005, 16(3): 366 -368 .
[8] 赵靖舟. 论幕式成藏[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2005, 16(4): 469 -476 .
[9] 曾平;岑芳. 高含硫碳酸盐岩酸压气井硫沉积规律研究[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2008, 19(3): 414 -418 .
[10] 钱诗友;曾溅辉;林会喜;孙锡文 . 辽东东地区石油运移和聚集物理模拟实验及机理分析[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2008, 19(05): 604 -610 .