天然气地球科学

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上扬子区下寒武统牛蹄塘组页岩气基本特征研究——以贵州丹寨南皋剖面为例

罗超,刘树根,孙玮,冉波,雍自权,杨迪,张旋,王世玉,叶玥豪,邓宾   

  1. 1.成都理工大学能源学院,四川 成都 610059;
    2.成都理工大学油气藏地质及开发工程国家重点实验室,四川 成都 610059;
    3.成都理工大学地球科学学院,四川 成都 610059;
    4.陕西延长石油(集团)有限责任公司研究院,陕西 西安 710075
  • 收稿日期:2013-05-20 修回日期:2013-10-02 出版日期:2014-03-10 发布日期:2014-03-10
  • 通讯作者: 罗超297853780@qq.com E-mail:297853780@qq.com
  • 作者简介:罗超(1982-),男,四川隆昌人,博士研究生,主要从事石油地质、铀矿地质和地球化学研究.E-mail:297853780@qq.com.
  • 基金资助:

    全国油气资源战略选区调查与评价专项(编号:2009GYXQ15-06);[JP3]国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(编号:2012CB214805)联合资助.

Basic Characteristics of Shale Gas in the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation in the Upper Yangtze Region:Taking Nangao Section in Danzhai as an Example

LUO Chao,LIU Shu-gen,SUN Wei,RAN Bo,YONG Zi-quan,YANG Di,ZHANG Xuan,WANG Shi-yu,YE Yue-hao,DENG Bin   

  1. 1.College of Energy Resources,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu 610059,China;
    2.School of Geosciences,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu 610059,China;
    3.State key laboratory of Oil and Gas reservoir geology and exploitation(CDUT),Chengdu 610059,China;
    4.Research Institute of Yanchang Petroleum(Group)Co.Ltd.,Xi′an 710075,China
  • Received:2013-05-20 Revised:2013-10-02 Online:2014-03-10 Published:2014-03-10

摘要:

上扬子区下寒武统牛蹄塘组是我国页岩气最具勘探潜力的目的层位之一,因此,以贵州丹寨南皋剖面为例,通过野外测量、薄片鉴定、地球化学分析、X-衍射矿物分析、孔隙度测量、扫描电镜观察和等温吸附模拟实验等多种方法,研究牛蹄塘组页岩气地质、地球化学、储层和含气性特征,并讨论有机质发育与矿物相关性,以及吸附气量的控制因素。下寒武统牛蹄塘组下部为深水陆棚相泥岩沉积,上部为浅水陆棚相粉砂质泥岩和钙质泥质粉砂岩沉积。微量元素比值表明黑色页岩形成于缺氧还原沉积环境,且具有明显的热水沉积特征。黑色页岩有机质类型好,属Ⅰ型干酪根;有机质丰度高,TOC值为0.38%~15.31%,平均为5.2%;RO值为1.60%~4.15%,平均为2.80%,属过成熟阶段。矿物成分主要为黏土(伊利石和少量绿泥石)、石英、长石、重晶石和石膏等。石英含量相对较高且剖面向上降低,平均值为53%;黏土含量较低且剖面向上增加,平均值为34%;碳酸盐矿物较少,仅在顶部可见。泥岩和硅质岩孔隙度一般在0.99%~4.66%之间,平均为2.39%;密度为1.99~2.62g/cm3,平均为2.47g/cm3。黑色页岩孔隙主要发育粒内孔、粒间孔、裂缝和有机质孔等4种类型,前两者较为常见。有机质含量与矿物相关性分析表明石英含量过高或过低以及黏土过低均不利于有机质的富集。等温吸附实验表明吸附气量为1.71~2.62m3 /t,平均为2.33m3 /t,吸附能力整体较强。吸附量与TOC呈正相关,与最高热解温度(Tmax)呈负相关,与石英呈正相关,与黏土呈不相关,与纳米孔分布频率呈正相关,其中有机质丰度和纳米孔对页岩对气吸附能力的影响占主导作用。

关键词: 上扬子, 页岩气, 牛蹄塘组, 黑色页岩, 控制因素

Abstract:

Niutitang Formation is one of the most potential strata for exploration in the upper Yangtze platform,therefore,we select Nangao section as an example in Danzhai county of Guizhou Province.Through various analytical methods such as field survey,thin section identification,geochemical analysis,X-ray diffraction mineral analysis,porosity measurement,scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation and isothermal adsorption methods,studies on Niutitang Formation shale gas characteristics including geology,geochemistry,reservoir and adsorbed gas content were performed.Furthermore,the correlation between organic matter and mineral association was discussed,as well as the controlling factors of gas adsorption.For the section in the lower part,it is composed by mudstone deposited in deep-water environment while in the upper part it is silty shale and/or calcareous siltstone deposited in shallow-water shelf environment.Characteristic trace element ratio shows that black shale was formed in the depositional environment of oxygen reduction with obvious characteristics of hot water sedimentation.The black shale is characterized by the occurrence of type-I kerogen.The TOC values range from 0.38% to 15.31%,with an average of 5.2%.RO values range from 1.60% to 4.15%,with an average of 2.8%.The mineral composition of black shale is predominantly clay minerals (e.g.illite and chlorite),quartz,feldspar,barite,and gypsum.Quartz content is relatively high with an average of 53%,and decreases upwards in the section.Quartz content is too high or too low,which are not conducive to the enrichment of organic matter,and only when the quartz content of between 36.4%and 71.9% it has positive correlation with TOC values.Clay content is relatively low and increases upwards with an average of 34%,but it is negatively correlated with TOC values,which is opposed to the quartz′s.There are a few carbonate minerals near the top of the section.The porosity of black shale and siliceous rocks in the lower section ranges from 0.99% to 4.66% with an average of 2.39%,and the density ranges from 1.99 g/cm3 to 2.62 g/cm3 with an average of 2.47 g/cm3 .Four types of pores are present in the shale,such as interparticle pores,intraparticle pores,fracture pores and organic-matter pores.The first two are more common in gas shale.The adsorption isotherm experiments suggest that adsorbed gas in black shale is from 1.71m3/t to 2.62m3 /t with an average of 2.33m3/t,which indicate a strong adsorption capacity.The adsorption ability of Nangao shale and TOCshows positive correlation,however,shale and Tmax show negative correlation.TOC content is also positively correlated with nanopore distribution frequency.This study shows that,TOC content,quartz content,and nanopore distribution play leading roles in influencing the adsorption capacity of gas in the Nangao shale.

Key words: The Upper Yangtze platform, Shale gas, Niutitang Formation, Black shale, Controlling factors

中图分类号: 

  • TE132.2

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