天然气地球科学

• 天然气地质学 • 上一篇    下一篇

柴达木盆地北缘冷湖五号构造下侏罗统沉积—成岩环境分析

郭佳佳,孙国强,龙国徽,管斌,康健,夏维民,陈波,史基安   

  1. 1.甘肃省油气资源研究重点实验室/中国科学院油气资源研究重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730000;
    2.中国科学院大学,北京 100049;
    3.中国石油青海油田分公司勘探开发研究院,甘肃 敦煌 736202;
    4.中国石油青海油田公司勘探事业部,甘肃 敦煌 736202;
    5.广西高校北部湾石油天然气资源有效利用重点实验室,钦州学院,广西 钦州 535000
  • 收稿日期:2017-09-14 修回日期:2017-10-12 出版日期:2017-12-10 发布日期:2017-12-10
  • 通讯作者: 孙国强(1977-),男,河南洛阳人,副研究员,博士,主要从事含油气盆地石油地质学及沉积构造研究. E-mail:sguoqiang@lzb.ac.cn.
  • 作者简介:郭佳佳(1991-),男,湖北荆州人,硕士研究生,主要从事储层地质学与储层地球化学研究.E-mail:guojiajia1261@163.com
  • 基金资助:

    中国科学院“西部之光”人才培养引进计划(编号:Y304RC1SGQ);广西中青年教师基础能力提升项目(编号:2017KY078);甘肃省重点实验室专项(编号:1309RTSA041)联合资助.

Sedimentary diagenesis environment of the Lower Jurassic in Lenghu Ⅴ Tectonic Belt,Northern Qaidam Basin

Guo Jia-jia, Sun Guo-qiang,Long Guo-hui,Guan Bin,Kang Jian,Xia Wei-min,Chen Bo,Shi Ji-an   

  1. 1.Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources,Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources Research,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China;
    2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;
    3.Exploratory and Development Institute of Petrochina Qinghai Oilfield Company,Dunhuang 736202,China;
    4.Petroleum Exploration Division,PetroChina Qinghai Oilfield Company,Dunhuang 736202,China;
    5.Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Oil and Natural Gas Resource Effective Utilization,Qinzhou University,Qinzhou 535000,China
  • Received:2017-09-14 Revised:2017-10-12 Online:2017-12-10 Published:2017-12-10

摘要:

综合运用岩石学、矿物学和地球化学的研究方法,对柴达木盆地北缘构造带冷湖五号下侏罗统碳酸盐胶结物和沉积环境进行了研究。结果表明下侏罗统碎屑岩主要为岩屑砂岩和长石岩屑砂岩,黏土矿物含量较高,平均可达36.5%,具有高含量的高岭石和伊/蒙混层中蒙脱石含量较低的特征。碎屑颗粒以线接触和凹凸接触为主,主要处于中成岩阶段B期;镜下常见方解石、白云石和铁方解石3种主要的碳酸盐胶结物。碳酸盐胶结物的碳—氧同位素分析结果显示,碳同位素(δ13C)值分布范围为-15.6‰~9.2‰,平均值为-3.2‰,具双峰分布的特征,第一个峰值出现在4‰左右,集中在下侏罗统小煤沟组上段;第二个峰值出现在-12‰左右,主要集中在下侏罗统小煤沟组下段,代表有机来源碳的加入。氧同位素(δ18O)值分布范围为-18.5‰~-8.3‰,平均值为-13.31‰。结合镜下鉴定结果可将碳酸盐胶结物划分为2期,早期碳酸盐胶结物形成于成岩阶段早期,直至早成岩阶段B期结束,主要为无机碳源,但其受生物产甲烷阶段伴生的CO2影响较大,反映的古盐度偏高;晚期碳酸盐胶结物形成于中成岩阶段A期,主要充填于碎屑颗粒的压裂缝和节理缝中,受到有机质脱羧作用的影响,碳同位素(δ13C)值偏低。结合全岩主量元素和微量元素的分析以及元素比值分析,表明柴达木盆地冷湖五号构造带下侏罗统沉积早期气候温暖、湿润,沉积环境以淡水环境为主;晚期气候逐渐变得干热,沉积环境以淡水—微咸水环境为主。

关键词: 碳同位素, 氧同位素, 碳酸盐胶结物, 沉积环境, 柴达木盆地

Abstract:

Based on the analyses of petrology,mineralogy and geochemistry,the formation phases of the carbonate cements and sedimentary environment in Jurassic clastic rocks in Lenghu V Tectonic Belt were studied.The experimental results demonstrated that the rocks of Lower Jurassic were mainly lithic sandstone and feldspar lithic sandstone with high content of clay minerals,which was up to 36.5%.The clay minerals in the Lower Jurassic were characterized by high content of kaolinite and low S% in I/S.Clastic rocks were mainly line contact and sature line contact,diagenetic stage of the Lower Jurassic clastic rocks was phase B of middle diagenetic stage;calcite,dolomite and ankerite were three main carbonate cements through observation under microscope.The carbon isotope (δ13C) of carbonate cements ranges from -15.6‰ to 9.2‰,and the average value is -3.2‰.The distribution was bimodal,one peak value was 4‰,consisting of samples coming from the upper section in Xiaomeigou Formation;the other one was -12‰,consisting of samples mainly coming from the lower section in Xiaomeigou Formation.The oxygen isotope (δ18O) had a wide range,ranging from -18.5‰ to -8.3‰,and the average value was -13.3‰.Combined with the observation under microscope,two phases of carbonate cements were distinguished according to isotope characteristic.The earlier carbonate cements were formed from eogenetic A phase to eogenetic B phase.The source of the carbon was inorganic,but it was mixed by the carbon from methane generation process.This mixing leads to positive bias of the δ13C,and make the indicated paleosalinity higher than the truth.The later carbonate cements were formed in phase A of middle diagenetic stage,and always filled in the cracks in clastic.The carbon came from decarboxylation of organic matters,so its δ13C was lighter.The carbon and oxygen isotopes together with element geochemistry showed that the climate in Low Jurassic was warm and wet,especially in the earlier time,sedimentary environment was fresh water.However,during the late stage,the climate became dry and cold,and sedimentary environment became fresh-brackish.

Key words: Carbon isotope, Oxygen isotope, Carbonate cements, Sedimentary environment, Qaidam Basin

中图分类号: 

  • TE121.3

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