天然气地球科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (9): 1301–1311.doi: 10.11764/j.issn.1672-1926.2019.07.004

• 天然气地质学 • 上一篇    下一篇

四川盆地侏罗系大安寨段致密油多尺度差异化富集及主控因素

庞正炼1(),陶士振1,张景建2,张琴1,袁苗1,吴因业1,张天舒1,杨晓萍1,范建玮1,孙菲菲3   

  1. 1. 中国石油勘探开发研究院, 北京 100083
    2. 中国石油国际事业有限公司,北京 100033
    3. 中国石油华北油田勘探开发研究院,河北 任丘 062552
  • 收稿日期:2019-03-01 修回日期:2019-07-01 出版日期:2019-09-10 发布日期:2019-10-14
  • 作者简介:庞正炼(1984?),男,浙江台州人,工程师,博士,主要从事油气地质及非常规油气研究. E-mail:pangzl@petrochina.com.cn.
  • 基金资助:
    国家科技重大专项“致密油形成条件、富集规律与资源潜力”(2016ZX05046-001)

Differentiation accumulation in multiple scales of tight oil and its main controlling factors of Jurassic Da′anzhai member in Sichuan Basin

Zheng-lian Pang1(),Shi-zhen Tao1,Jing-jian Zhang2,Qin Zhang1,Miao Yuan1,Yin-ye Wu1,Tian-shu Zhang1,Xiao-ping Yang1,Jian-wei Fan1,Fei-fei Sun3   

  1. 1. Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, PetroChina, Beijing 100083, China
    2. International Business Co. Ltd. , PetroChina, Beijing 100033, China
    3. Exploration and Development Research Institute of HuaBei Oilfield Company, PetroChina, Renqiu 062552, China
  • Received:2019-03-01 Revised:2019-07-01 Online:2019-09-10 Published:2019-10-14

摘要:

致密油的分布呈现大面积低丰度含油背景下局部富集的特征,亦只有在富集区内才能获得可观的商业油流。因此,甜点区的优选是致密油地质研究的重点。为分析致密油的富集规律,服务致密油甜点评价,以四川盆地侏罗系大安寨段为例,依托油田详实的生产数据,运用成藏物理模拟实验、显微薄片、场发射扫描电镜资料,并结合综合地质成图,对致密油的富集主控因素进行了研究。结果表明,研究区致密油的富集具有强烈的非均质性,占总井数22.5%的高产井产出了84.4%的油气,致密油富集程度的差异在盆地和区带尺度的分布上持续存在,并分别受不同因素的差异化控制。在盆地尺度下,受二次运移的影响,烃源岩只能控制致密油的分布外边界,在有利烃源岩区内部无法严格约束甜点区分布。在区带尺度下,有利沉积相带控制了致密油富集区带的分布。致密油富集甜点受有利成岩相和裂缝的控制。基于上述认识,建立了一套致密油富集甜点评价参数体系,为致密油甜点选区提供支持。

关键词: 致密油, 四川盆地, 大安寨段, 非均质性, 富集主控因素

Abstract:

The tight oil is characterized by large scale distribution with low abundance, and accumulating in local areas. Only in enrichment regions, commercial oil production can be acquired. Thus, the evaluation of sweet spot is the key work of geological research of tight oil. Da′anzhai member in Sichuan Basin was taken as an example to study the accumulation pattern of tight oil, to serve the sweet spot evaluation of tight oil. Based on the large amount of production data from the oil field, accumulation physical analog experiment, thin sections, and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) were utilized to research the main controlling factors on tight oil accumulation, combined with the geologic mapping. According to the study, the accumulation and distribution pattern of tight oil shows a severe heterogeneity in the study area. High production wells, 22.5% of all wells, produced 84.4% hydrocarbon in all production of the study area. This heterogeneity continuously exists both in basin and play scales. In different scales, the accumulation was controlled by different factors. In basin scale, due to the secondary migration, source rock could only control the distribution boundary of tight oil, and was unable to control the distribution of favorable play within the source rock area. In play scale, favorable sedimentary facies controlled the distribution of tight oil accumulation area. The final tight oil accumulation sweet spots were controlled by the favorable diagenesis facies and fractures. Based on the study, a set of evaluation parameters for the tight oil accumulation sweet spot was established to support the profitable area evaluation.

Key words: Tight oil, Sichuan Basin, Da′anzhai member, Heterogeneity, Main controlling factor of accumulation

中图分类号: 

  • TE122.3

图1

四川盆地侏罗系大安寨段构造纲要及研究区位置"

图2

川中地区大安寨段致密油高产井产量分布(单位:t油当量) (a)川中地区大安寨段超万吨当量井产量分布;(b) G地区大安寨段产量分布;(c)J地区大安寨段产量分布;(d) L地区大安寨段产量分布"

图3

研究区大安寨段泥岩厚度与产井、富集区叠合"

表1

运移模拟实验样品参数及运移距离极限"

样号

层位

/段

岩性

空气渗透率/

(×10-3μm2)

孔隙度

/%

启动压力梯度

/(MPa/cm)

临界压力梯度

/(MPa/cm)

无裂缝运移距离极限

/m

PL103 大安寨 介壳灰岩 1.860 2.18 0.002 0.023 190.00
G6-3 大安寨 介壳灰岩 0.120 1.09 0.052 0.308 7.31
G6 大安寨 介壳灰岩 0.050 1.21 5.477 6.221 0.07
G4 大安寨 介壳灰岩 0.036 1.61 2.466 3.447 0.15
M030 大安寨 介壳灰岩 0.680 6.87 0.021 0.214 0.56

图4

大安寨段致密储层石油二次运移渗流实验曲线"

图5

川中地区大安寨段储层发育段重点沉积微相与致密油生产井叠合"

图6

有利储集岩类中的致密区域 (a) PL10井,大安寨段,结晶介壳灰岩,致密; (b) C2井,大安寨段,亮晶介壳灰岩,致密"

图7

有利储集岩类中的储层甜点微观结构 (a) X28井,大安寨段介壳灰岩,微米级裂缝发育,单偏光;(b) J61井,大安寨段介壳灰岩,纳米级溶孔发育,场发射;(c) 微米级储集空间结构模型;(d) 纳米级储集空间结构模型"

图8

RD地区大安寨段储层发育段成岩相与高产井叠合"

图9

G油田油气井大一三亚段厚度与单井年均油气产量关系"

表2

研究区致密油差异化富集评价标准"

地质评价关键参数 具体指标 分级标准 地质评价关键参数 具体指标 分级标准
烃源品质 TOC值/% Ⅰ类:>1.4 储层条件 岩性类型 Ⅰ类:亮晶灰岩
Ⅱ类:>1.4 Ⅱ类:含泥(晶)灰岩
Ⅲ类:1.0~1.4 Ⅲ类:泥质(晶)灰岩
厚度/m Ⅰ类:>20

GR<30API

灰岩

Ⅰ类:3~18 API
Ⅱ类:10~20 Ⅱ类:<3API,>18API
Ⅲ类:<10

沉积微相

类型

Ⅰ类:滩核
Ro值/% Ⅰ类:0.9~1.2 Ⅱ类:滩缘
Ⅱ类:0.6~0.9 Ⅲ类:滩缘外侧

生烃强度/

(×104t/km2)

Ⅰ类:>30 成岩相 Ⅰ类:溶蚀孔缝洞
Ⅱ类:20~30 Ⅱ类:微裂缝
Ⅲ类:<20 裂缝有利区 发育位置 断层、背斜、构造鼻
1 Editorial Committee of Sichuan Oil & Gas Field Development History . Sichuan Oil & Gas Field Development History[M]. Chengdu: Sichuan Science and Technology Publishing House, 2008: 9-11.
四川油气田发展简史编写组 . 四川油气田发展简史[M]. 成都:四川科学技术出版社,2008:9-11.
2 Zheng Min , Li Jianzhong , Wu Xiaozhi ,et al .China’s conventional and unconventional natural gas resource potential,key exploration fields and direction[J].Natural Gas Geoscience, 2018, 29(10): 1383-1397.
郑民,李建忠,吴晓智,等 .我国常规与非常规天然气资源潜力、重点领域与勘探方向[J].天然气地球科学,2018,29(10):1383-1397.
3 Huang Dong , Yang Yueming , Yang Guang , et al . Countermeasure and progress of exploration and development of Jurassic tight oil in the Sichuan Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2017, 39(3): 304-310.
黄东,杨跃明,杨光,等 . 四川盆地侏罗系致密油勘探开发进展与对策[J]. 石油实验地质,2017,39(3):304-310.
4 Li Denghua , Li Jianzhong , Wang Shaoyong ,et al . Fine dissection of Jurassic tight oil calibrated area and key parameters research in Sichuan Basin, China[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2016,27(9): 1666-1678.
李登华,李建忠,汪少勇, 等 .四川盆地侏罗系致密油刻度区精细解剖与关键参数研究[J].天然气地球科学,2016,27(9):1666-1678.
5 Liu Jun . A restricted view on some basic issues of development of Da’anzhai reservoir[J]. Drilling and Production Technology, 1996, 19(4): 44-48.
刘均 . 大安寨油藏开发中几个基本问题管见[J]. 钻采工艺,1996,19(4):44-48.
6 Nordeng S H . The Bakken petroleum system: An example of a continuous petroleum accumulation[J]. North Dakota Department of Mineral Resources Newsletter, 2009, 36(1):21-24.
7 Sonnenberg S A , Pramudito A . Petroleum geology of the giant Elm Coulee field,Williston Basin[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 2009, 93(9): 1127-1153.
8 Hu Suyun , Yan Weipeng , Tao Shizhen , al et .Advances on continental tight oil accumulation and key technologies for exploration and development in China[J]. 天然气地球科学,2019,30(8):1083-1093.
胡素云,闫伟鹏,陶士振,等 . 中国陆相致密油富集规律及勘探开发关键技术研究进展[J].天然气地球科学,2019,30(8):1083-1093.
9 Zou Caineng , Zhu Rukai , Bai Bin , et al . Significance, geologic characteristics, resource potential and future challenges of tight oil and shale oil[J]. Bulletin of Mineralogy Petrology and Geochemistry,2015,34(1):3-17,1-2.
邹才能,朱如凯,白斌,等 .致密油与页岩油内涵、特征、潜力及挑战[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2015,34(1):3-17,1-2.
10 Zou Caineng , Zhu Rukai , Wu Songtao , et al .Types, characteristics, genesis and prospects of conventional and unconventional hydrocarbon accumulations:Taking tight oil and tight gas in China as an instance[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2012, 33(2): 173-187.
邹才能,朱如凯,吴松涛,等 . 常规与非常规油气聚集类型、特征、机理及展望——以中国致密油和致密气为例[J]. 石油学报,2012,33(2):173-187.
11 Wu Xiaozhi , Wang Shejiao , Zheng Min ,et al . Standard system establishment for conventional and unconventional hydrocarbon resources assessment techniques and its significance[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience,2016, 27(9): 1640-1650.
吴晓智,王社教,郑民,等 .常规与非常规油气资源评价技术规范体系建立及意义[J].天然气地球科学,2016,27(9):1640-1650.
12 Ren Zhanli , Li Wenhou , Liang Yu , et al .Tight oil reservoir formation conditions and main controlling factors of Yanchang Formation in southeastern Ordos Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2014, 35(2): 190-198.
任战利,李文厚,梁宇,等 . 鄂尔多斯盆地东南部延长组致密油成藏条件及主控因素[J]. 石油与天然气地质,2014,35(2):190-198.
13 Yao Jingli , Zhao Yande , Deng Xiuqin , et al .Controlling factors of tight oil reservoir in Triassic Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin[J]. Journal of Jilin University: Earth Science Edition, 2015, 45(4): 983-992.
姚泾利,赵彦德,邓秀芹,等 . 鄂尔多斯盆地延长组致密油成藏控制因素[J]. 吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2015,45(4):983-992.
14 Bai Yubin , Zhao Zilong , Zhao Jingzhou ,et al .Oil reservoir forming mechanisms and main controlling factors of tight oil of Chang-9 member in Ansai area,Ordos Basin[J]. Journal of Central South University: Science and Technology, 2014, 45(9): 3127-3136.
白玉彬,赵子龙,赵靖舟,等 . 鄂尔多斯盆地安塞地区长9致密油成藏机理与主控因素[J]. 中南大学学报:自然科学版,2014,45(9):3127-3136.
15 Liu Jianhua , Zhu Xiyang , Wang Sili , et al .Geologic tectonic evolutional characteristics and prospecting potential for ISL-amenable sandstone-type uranium deposits in Sichuan Basin[J]. Uranium Geology, 2005, 21(6): 321-330.
刘建华,朱西养,王四利,等 . 四川盆地地质构造演化特征与可地浸砂岩型铀矿找矿前景[J]. 铀矿地质,2005,21(6):321-330.
16 Hu Zongquan , Zhen Rongcai , Xiong Yingming . Sequence analysis of Daanzhai Formation of Lower Jurassic in Sichuan Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry,2000,20(3): 34-37.
胡宗全,郑荣才,熊应明 . 四川盆地下侏罗统大安寨组层序分析[J]. 天然气工业,2000,20(3):34-37.
17 Tang Dahai . Reservoir characteristics research of Lianggaoshan Formation of Jurassic in central Sichuan Basin[J]. Natural Gas Exploration and Development, 2000, 23(4): 25-29.
唐大海 . 川中东部侏罗系凉高山组储层特征研究[J]. 天然气勘探与开发,2000,23(4):25-29.
18 Liu Zhanguo , Chen Yana , Ni Chao ,et al .Characteristics of sandstone reservoirs of Middle -Lower Jurassic in central Sichuan area[J]. Journal of Southwest Petroleum University:Science & Technology Edition, 2010, 32(2): 35-40.
刘占国,陈娅娜,倪超,等 . 川中地区中—下侏罗统砂岩储层特征[J]. 西南石油大学学报:自然科学版,2010,32(2):35-40.
19 Yang Guang , Huang Dong , Huang Pinghui ,et al . Control factors of high and stable production of Jurassic Da’anzhai member tight oil in central Sichuan Basin, SW China[J]. Petroleum Exploration & Development, 2017, 44(5): 817-826.
杨光, 黄东, 黄平辉, 等 . 四川盆地中部侏罗系大安寨段致密油高产稳产主控因素[J].石油勘探与开发, 2017, 44(5): 817-826.
20 Wang Dangqi . Cognition on the sedimentary environment of Daanzhai member, north Sichuan, and its significance in oil exploration[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 1983, 5(3): 170-176.
王当奇 . 对川北地区大安寨段沉积环境及找油意义的认识[J]. 石油实验地质, 1983, 5(3): 170-176.
21 Yang Yueming , Yang Jiajing , Yang Guang , et al . New research progress of Jurassic tight oil in central Sichuan Basin[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2016, 43(6): 873-882.
杨跃明, 杨家静, 杨光, 等 . 四川盆地中部地区侏罗系致密油研究新进展[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2016, 43(6): 873-882.
22 Zheng Rongcai . High-resolution sequence stratigraphy of Daanzhai Formation,Lower Jurassic in Sichuan Basin[J]. Acta Sedimentological Sinica, 1998, 16(2): 42-48.
郑荣才 . 四川盆地下侏罗统大安寨段高分辨率层序地层学[J]. 沉积学报, 1998, 16(2): 42-48.
23 Huang Yanzhang . Nonlinear percolation feature in low permeability reservoir[J]. Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs, 1997, 4(1): 9-14.
黄延章 . 低渗透油层非线性渗流特征[J].特种油气藏, 1997, 4(1): 9-14.
24 Yao Yuedong , Ge Jiali . Study on non-darcy seepage flow pattern in low permeability oil reservoir[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2000, 21(3): 213-215.
姚约东, 葛家理 . 低渗透油层非达西渗流规律的研究[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2000, 21(3): 213-215.
25 Pang Zhenglian , Tao Shizhen , Zhang Qin , et al . Simulation experiments of tight oil secondary migration driving force and resistance: A case study of Jurassic oilfield in middle Sichuan basin[J]. Journal of China University of Mining & Technology, 2016, 45(4): 764-774.
庞正炼, 陶士振, 张琴, 等 . 致密油二次运移动力和阻力实验研究——以四川盆地中部侏罗系为例[J]. 中国矿业大学学报, 2016, 45(4): 764-774.
26 Pang Zhenglian , Tao Shizhen , Zhang Qin , et al . Reservoir micro structure of Da'anzhai member of Jurassic and its petroleum significance in central Sichuan Basin,SW China[J]. Petroleum Exploration & Development, 2018, 45(1): 62-72.
庞正炼, 陶士振, 张琴, 等 . 四川盆地中部侏罗系大安寨段储集层微观结构及油气意义[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2018, 45(1): 62-72.
27 Pan Wenqing , Hou Guiting , Qi Yingmin , et al . Discussion on the development models of structural fractures in the carbonate rocks[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2013, 20(5): 188-195.
潘文庆, 侯贵廷, 齐英敏, 等 . 碳酸盐岩构造裂缝发育模式探讨[J]. 地学前缘, 2013, 20(5): 188-195.
[1] 张天舒, 陶士振, 吴因业, 杨家静, 庞正炼, 杨晓萍, 陈燕燕, 袁苗, 刘敏, 范建玮, 冯荣昌. 层序演化对三角洲—滩坝沉积体系有利储层类型与分布的控制作用[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2019, 30(9): 1286-1300.
[2] 胡素云, 陶士振, 闫伟鹏, 门广田, 唐振兴, 薛建勤, 贾希玉, 陈旋, 江涛, 黄东, 梁晓伟. 中国陆相致密油富集规律及勘探开发关键技术研究进展[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2019, 30(8): 1083-1093.
[3] 方向, 杨智, 郭旭光, 吴颜雄, 刘俊田. 中国重点盆地致密油资源分级评价标准及勘探潜力[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2019, 30(8): 1094-1105.
[4] 李国会, 康德江, 姜丽娜, 姜瀚, 李淼, 孙海雷, 伍英. 松辽盆地北部扶余油层致密油成藏条件及甜点区优选[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2019, 30(8): 1106-1113.
[5] 唐振兴, 赵家宏, 王天煦. 松辽盆地南部致密油“甜点区(段)”评价与关键技术应用[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2019, 30(8): 1114-1124.
[6] 张道伟, 马达德, 伍坤宇, 吴颜雄, 夏晓敏, 张审琴, 张晓秋. 柴达木盆地致密油“甜点区(段)”评价与关键技术应用——以英西地区下干柴沟组上段为例[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2019, 30(8): 1134-1149.
[7] 吴因业, 吕佳蕾, 方向, 杨智, 王岚, 马达德, 陶士振. 湖相碳酸盐岩—混积岩储层有利相带分析——以柴达木盆地古近系为例[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2019, 30(8): 1150-1157.
[8] 夏晓敏, 吴颜雄, 张审琴, 薛建勤, 王岚, 施奇, 崔涵, 赵权. 湖相滩坝砂体构型及对致密油甜点开发的意义——以柴达木盆地扎哈泉地区扎2井区为例[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2019, 30(8): 1158-1167.
[9] 江涛, 杨德相, 吴健平, 胡延旭, 韩琪, 李彬, 杨若羿, 吴小梅, 黄远鑫. 渤海湾盆地冀中坳陷束鹿凹陷古近系沙三段下亚段致密油“甜点”主控因素与发育模式[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2019, 30(8): 1199-1211.
[10] 黄东, 杨光, 杨智, 杨天泉, 白蓉, 李育聪, 戴鸿鸣. 四川盆地致密油勘探开发新认识与发展潜力[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2019, 30(8): 1212-1221.
[11] 吴松涛, 林士尧, 晁代君, 翟秀芬, 王晓瑞, 黄秀, 徐加乐. 基于孔隙结构控制的致密砂岩可动流体评价——以鄂尔多斯盆地华庆地区上三叠统长6致密砂岩为例[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2019, 30(8): 1222-1232.
[12] 沈骋, 赵金洲, 任岚, 范宇. 四川盆地龙马溪组页岩气缝网压裂改造甜点识别新方法[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2019, 30(7): 937-945.
[13] 赵正望, 唐大海, 王小娟, 陈双玲. 致密砂岩气藏天然气富集高产主控因素探讨——以四川盆地须家河组为例[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2019, 30(7): 963-972.
[14] 苟启洋, 徐尚, 郝芳, 舒志国, 杨峰, 陆扬博, 张爱华, 王雨轩, 程璇, 青加伟, 高梦天. 基于灰色关联的页岩储层含气性综合评价因子及应用——以四川盆地焦石坝区块为例[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2019, 30(7): 1045-1052.
[15] 周国晓, 魏国齐, 胡国艺. 四川盆地龙岗与元坝气田陆相油气系统差异[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2019, 30(6): 809-818.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited

  Shared   
  Discussed   
[1] 张涛,李相方,王永辉,石军太,杨立峰,孙政,杨剑,张增华. 页岩储层特殊性质对压裂液返排率和产能的影响[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2017, 28(6): 828 -838 .
[2] 王科, 李海涛, 李留杰, 张庆, 补成中, 王志强. 3种常用页岩气井经验递减方法——以四川盆地威远区块为例[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2019, 30(7): 946 -954 .
[3] 张荣虎, 杨海军, 魏红兴, 余朝丰, 杨钊, 伍劲. 塔里木盆地库车坳陷北部构造带中东段中下侏罗统砂体特征及油气勘探意义[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2019, 30(9): 1243 -1252 .
[4] 刘金华, 郭瑞, 马洪涛, 夏步余, 先伟, 蒋阿明, 葛政俊. 塔里木盆地塔河地区东部阿克库勒组阿四段条带状砂体成因再认识[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2019, 30(9): 1253 -1262 .
[5] 张春林, 李剑, 陈鑫, 吴庆超. 鄂尔多斯盆地东部奥陶系盐下古地貌恢复及其对滩体的控制作用[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2019, 30(9): 1263 -1271 .
[6] 罗超, 郭建林, 李易隆, 冀光, 窦丽玮, 尹楠鑫, 陈岑. 砂质辫状河隔夹层成因及分布控制因素分析[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2019, 30(9): 1272 -1285 .
[7] 张天舒, 陶士振, 吴因业, 杨家静, 庞正炼, 杨晓萍, 陈燕燕, 袁苗, 刘敏, 范建玮, 冯荣昌. 层序演化对三角洲—滩坝沉积体系有利储层类型与分布的控制作用[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2019, 30(9): 1286 -1300 .